LANGUAGE: Grammar (4)

Grammar (4)

Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto

Uso:

a. When we are talking about the past, sometimes we want to refer to an earlier past. / Quan parlem del passat, de vegades volem referir-nos a un passat anterior. / Cuando hablamos del pasado, a veces queremos referirnos a un pasado anterior.

When I phoned Susan, she had gone out.

The past perfect (e.g., she had gone out) is used to refer to something that had happened before the past moment we are thinking about (e.g., when I telephoned). / El plusquamperfet (p. ex., she had gone out) s’utilitza per referir-se a alguna cosa que havia passat abans del moment passat en què estem pensant (p. ex., when I telephoned). / El pluscuamperfecto (p. ej., she had gone out) se utiliza para referirse a algo que había ocurrido antes del momento pasado en el que estamos pensando (p. ej., when I telephoned).

Otros ejemplos:
We arrived at the cinema at 8:00, but the film had started at 7:45.
When I spoke to the woman I realized I had met her somewhere before.


b. The past perfect is the past form of the present perfect. /  El plusquamperfet és la forma en passat del present perfecte. / El pluscuamperfecto es la forma en pasado del pretérito perfecto.

PRETÉRITO PERFECTOI haven’t eaten all day today, so I’m very hungry now.
PLUSCUAMPERFECTOI hadn’t eaten all day yesterday, so I was very hungry when I got home.


c. Compare the uses of the past perfect and the simple past: / Compara els usos del plusquamperfet i del passat simple: / Compara los usos del pluscuamperfecto y del pasado simple:

We got to the station at 8:00, but the train had left at 7:45.
We got to the station at 7:30 and the train left at 7:45.

When Mary arrived, we had eaten dinner. (Cenamos antes de que llagase Mary.)
When Mary arrived, we ate dinner. (Cenamos después de llegar Mary.)


LANGUAGE: Idioms (4)

Idioms (4)

The Ultimate Guide to Teaching Your Child 100 Idioms for Composition Writing

An idiom is a set expression that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words. In other words, it seems almost designed to confuse language students! Like phrasal verbs, try to learn a few at a time and then sprinkle them into your speaking and writing. Warning: don’t overdo their use! It will sound unnatural or even ridiculous! They may not be perfect, but each idiomatic expression below has the best matching Spanish expression.


Un “idiom” és una expressió fixada que significa una cosa diferent del significat literal de les seves paraules individuals. En altres paraules, sembla gairebé dissenyada per confondre els estudiants! Igual que amb els “phrasal verbs“, prova d’aprendre’n uns quants cada vegada i després incorpora’ls a la teva expressió oral i escrita. Avís: no n’abusis! Sonaria poc natural o fins i tot ridícul! Potser no són perfectes, però cada expressió idiomàtica de sota té l’expressió castellana que hi coincideix millor.


Un “idiom” es una expresión fija que significa algo distinto del significado literal de las palabras que la componen. En otras palabras, ¡parece casi diseñada para confundir a los estudiantes de idiomas! Al igual que con los “phrasal verbs“, intenta aprender unos pocos cada vez y luego incorpóralos a tu expresión oral y escrita. Advertencia: ¡no los uses en exceso! ¡Sonaría poco natural o incluso ridículo! Puede que no sean perfectas, pero cada expresión idiomática de abajo tiene la expresión castellana que mejor coincide con ella.



1. “You are what you eat.” Good eating habits are important to your health. /  Els bons hàbits alimentaris són importants per a la salut. / Los buenos hábitos alimenticios son importantes para tu salud.

Example: I feel much better since I stopped eating junk food. It’s true, you are what you eat! /  Em sento molt millor des que vaig deixar de menjar menjar brossa. És veritat, som el que mengem! / Me siento mucho mejor desde que dejé de comer comida chatarra. ¡Es verdad, eres lo que comes.

2. “Where there is smoke, there is fire.” Says that often rumors or indications that something is true means there is probably at least some partial truth to the matter. /  Diu que sovint els rumors o indicis que alguna cosa és certa vol dir que probablement hi ha, almenys, una part de veritat en l’assumpte. /  Dice que a menudo los rumores o indicios de que algo es cierto significan que probablemente haya al menos una verdad parcial en el asunto.

Example: Thomas says the accusations against him are untrue, but where’s there’s smoke, there’s fire! / En Thomas diu que les acusacions contra ell són falses, però on hi ha fum, hi ha foc! / Thomas dice que las acusaciones contra él son falsas, ¡pero cuando el río suena, agua lleva!

3. “Don’t bite off more than you can chew.” Says don’t attempt to do more than you are capable of or have time for. /  Diu que no intentis fer més del que ets capaç o per al que tens temps. /  Dice que no intentes hacer más de lo que eres capaz o para lo que tienes tiempo.

Example: You already work 40 hours a week, and now you want to get a job at the weekends. Don’t bite off more than you can chew! / Ja treballes 40 hores a la setmana i ara vols buscar una feina els caps de setmana. No vulguis abraçar més del que pots estrényer! / Ya trabajas 40 horas a la semana y ahora quieres conseguir un trabajo los fines de semana. ¡No muerdas más de lo que puedes masticar!

4. “People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.” Says that people who have faults of their own should not criticize others who have the same or similar faults. /  Diu que les persones que tenen defectes propis no haurien de criticar els altres que tenen els mateixos defectes o similars. /  Dice que las personas que tienen defectos propios no deben criticar a otros que tienen los mismos o similares defectos.

Example: Robert is always criticizing his sister for spending too much money, but he just bought a new Porsche. Really? That’s a classic case of people who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones! / En Robert sempre critica la seva germana per gastar massa diners, però ell s’acaba de comprar un Porsche nou. De debò? Aquest és un cas clàssic de qui té teulada de vidre! / Robert siempre está criticando a su hermana por gastar demasiado dinero, pero se acaba de comprar un Porsche nuevo. ¿En serio? ¡Ese es un caso clásico de quien escupe al cielo, le cae en la cara!


LANGUAGE: Homophones (6)

Homophones (6)

The Most Common Homophones in the English language

Homophones are two or more words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings and spellings. For example, new and knew are homophones. Make sure you can distinguish between and correctly use the words below. Some are easy, others more difficult. (If you don’t know the meaning of a word, look it up.)


Els homòfons són dues o més paraules que tenen la mateixa pronunciació però significats i grafies diferents. Per exemple, new i knew són homòfons. Assegura’t de saber distingir i utilitzar correctament les paraules següents. Algunes són fàcils, d’altres més difícils. (Si no coneixes el significat d’una paraula, busca’l.)


Los homófonos son dos o más palabras que tienen la misma pronunciación pero significados y grafías diferentes. Por ejemplo, new y knew son homófonos. Asegúrate de saber distinguir y usar correctamente las palabras que aparecen a continuación. Algunas son fáciles y otras más difíciles. (Si no conoces el significado de una palabra, búscalo.)

                          • ad                 add
                          • lone              loan
                          • scene            seen
                          • meat              meet                 mete
                          • brake             break
                          • tied                tide
                          • great             grate
                          • beat              beet


LANGUAGE: Phrasal Verbs (5)

Phrasal Verbs (5)

Let’s look at some phrasal verbs related to wearing clothes. There are many! Here are six, and six more coming in March. Remember: some phrasal verbs can be separated and some cannot. They have been separated below when possible. If they are not separated, you cannot do so.


Vegem alguns phrasal verbs relacionats amb portar roba. N’hi ha molts! Aquí en tens sis, i sis més al març. Recorda que alguns phrasal verbs es poden separar i d’altres no. A continuació s’han separat quan ha estat possible. Si no estan separats, no es poden separar.


Veamos algunos phrasal verbs relacionados con vestir ropa. ¡Hay muchos! Aquí tienes seis, y seis más en marzo. Recuerda que algunos phrasal verbs se pueden separar y otros no. A continuación se han separado cuando ha sido posible. Si no están separados, no se pueden separar.


Dress up: To wear special or formal clothes to attend an event or for a special occasion. It can also mean to put on a costume. / Vestir-se amb roba especial o formal per assistir a un esdeveniment o una ocasió especial. També pot significar posar-se una disfressa. / Vestirse con ropa especial o formal para asistir a un evento o una ocasión especial. También puede significar ponerse un disfraz.

  • We used to dress up to go to church when we were children.
  • Quan érem nens, ens vestíem de gala per anar a l’església.
  • Nosotros solíamos arreglarnos para ir a la iglesia cuando éramos niños.

Try on:To put on clothes to see if they fit or look good on you. / Emprovar-se roba per veure si queda bé o si és de la talla adequada. / Probarse ropa para ver si queda bien o si es de la talla correcta.

  • I love this dress. I’ll go to the fitting room to try it on.
  • M’encanta aquest vestit. Aniré a l’emprovador a provar-me’l.
  • Me encanta este vestido. Iré al probador a probármelo.

Put on: To place a piece of clothing on your body. / Posar-se una peça de roba./ Ponerse una prenda de ropa.

  • I was so tired that when I got home, I put my pajamas on and went straight to bed
  • Estava tan cansada que quan vaig arribar a casa em vaig posar el pijama i me’n vaig anar directament al llit
  • Estaba tan cansada que cuando llegué a casa me puse el pijama y me fui directamente a la cama.

Take off: To remove a piece of clothing. / Treure’s una peça de roba. / Quitarse una prenda de ropa.

  • Take your shoes off and put on your slippers.
  • Treu-te les sabates i posa’t les sabatilles.
  • Quítate los zapatos y ponte las zapatillas.

Have on: To be wearing a piece of clothing. / Portar posada una peça de roba. / Llevar puesta una prenda de ropa.

  • He had green trousers on, as well as a mustard yellow sweater.
  • Portava uns pantalons verds i un jersei de color groc mostassa.
  • Llevaba unos pantalones verdes y un suéter de color amarillo mostaza.

Zip up: To fasten a piece of clothing using a zip. / Cordar una peça de roba amb una cremallera. / Cerrar una prenda de ropa con una cremallera.

  • Could you zip me up, please?
  • Em pots pujar la cremallera, si us plau?
  • ¿Me subes la cremallera, por favor?


SPANISH SPEAKERS (8)

English for Spanish Speakers (8)

Cognates:

There are three types of cognates: perfect, true, and false—the latter perhaps better known as “false friends.”
In this entry, we will focus on false cognates. These can be deceptive because they appear to be the same, but have unexpectedly different meanings. You may know them better by their more common name: false friends.


Cognats:

Hi ha tres tipus de cognats: perfectes, veritables i falsos, aquests últims potser més coneguts com a «falsos amics».
En aquesta entrada, ens centrarem en els cognats falsos. Aquests poden resultar enganyosos perquè semblen iguals, però tenen significats inesperadament diferents. Potser els coneixes millor pel seu nom més habitual: falsos amics.


Cognados:

Existen tres tipos de cognados: perfectos, verdaderos y falsos, estos últimos quizá más conocidos como «falsos amigos».
En esta entrada, nos centraremos en los cognados falsos. Pueden resultar engañosos porque parecen iguales, pero tienen significados inesperadamente distintos. Tal vez los conozcas mejor por su nombre más común: falsos amigos.

Spanish word English meaning English word Spanish meaning
BILLÓN (US) trillion, (UK) billion BILLION (US) mil millones / mil milions
CARPETA folder CARPET alfombra / catifa
CASUALIDAD coincidence, chance CASUALTY víctima / víctima
CHOCAR strike, collide CHOKE ahogar / ofegar
CODO elbow CODE código / codi
COMPROMISO obligation, commitment COMPROMISE componenda 7 composta
CONTESTAR to answer CONTEST (v.) contender / contenir
DESGRACIA mistake, misfortune DISGRACE vergüenza / vergonya


PUB QUIZ (7)

Pub Quiz (7)

A pub quiz is a contest normally held in a bar or pub. It’s a modern example of a pub game, becoming part of British culture in the 1970s, and soon afterwards introduced into Irish pubs and then spreading internationally. It involves rounds of quiz questions addressed to teams of players, touching on general knowledge (geography, science, & nature), sport, entertainment, true & false, Who am I? (see above), music, puzzles, and more. Test yourself, learn more vocabulary, and amaze your friends with your knowledge!


Un pub quiz és un concurs que normalment té lloc en un bar o pub. És un exemple modern de joc de pub, que es va convertir en part de la cultura britànica als anys 1970 i, poc després, es va introduir als pubs irlandesos i es va estendre internacionalment. Consisteix en rondes de preguntes dirigides a equips de participants, que tracten sobre coneixements generals (geografia, ciència i natura), esport, entreteniment, vertader o fals, Qui sóc? (Who am I?), música, trencaclosques i més. Posa’t a prova, aprèn més vocabulari i deixa els teus amics bocabadats amb els teus coneixements!


Un pub quiz es un concurso que normalmente se celebra en un bar o pub. Es un ejemplo moderno de juego de pub, que pasó a ser parte de la cultura británica en la década de 1970 y, poco después, se introdujo en los pubs irlandeses y se difundió internacionalmente. Consiste en rondas de preguntas dirigidas a equipos de jugadores, que abarcan conocimientos generales (geografía, ciencia y naturaleza), deporte, entretenimiento, verdadero o falso, ¿Quién soy yo? (Who am I?), música, rompecabezas y más. ¡Ponte a prueba, aprende más vocabulario y sorprende a tus amigos con tus conocimientos!


FUN FACTS (9)

10 Fun Facts about Australia

  1. Aboriginal Australians have the world’s oldest continuous living culture—about 65,000 years.
  2. Although Australia is about 90% the size of the continental US, 90% of its population of 28 million live on its coast.
  3. The Australian Alps receive more snowfall than the Swiss Alps. Great skiing in July and August.
  4. The 5,614 km long Dingo Fence was built to keep dingoes away from sheep grazing land. It is longer than the Great Wall of China. Though it is not visible from space like the Great Wall, the Great Barrier Reef off the east coast is
  5.  80% of Australia’s animal population is found nowhere else in the world: 87% of its mammals, 93% of reptiles, 94% of frogs, and 45% of birds.
  6. There are 65 different wine regions in Australia, producing over 1 billion liters of wine every year, including the Hunter Valley, Barossa Valley, and Clare Valley.
  7. Australia has so many beaches that it would take 27 years to visit them all if you went to one per day.
  8. There are approximately 50 million kangaroos in Australia—almost double the human population.
  9. Although Australia is home to 20 of the world’s 25 deadliest snakes, the box jellyfish causes more deaths than snakes, sharks, and crocodiles combined.
  10. Shorts: Sydney Harbour is the world’s largest natural harbor; Australia was the second country to grant women the right to vote; voting is mandatory; it is home to the world’s oldest tropical rainforest; there are more camels in Australia than in Egypt; it has several penguin colonies; it is the only continent without an active volcano.

10 dades curioses sobre Austràlia

  1. Els aborígens australians tenen la cultura viva contínua més antiga del món, amb uns 65.000 anys d’antiguitat.
  2. Tot i que Austràlia té aproximadament el 90% de la mida dels Estats Units continentals, el 90% de la seva població de 28 milions de persones viu a la costa.
  3. Els Alps australians reben més neu que els Alps suïssos. Ideal per esquiar al juliol i a l’agost.
  4. La tanca dels dingos, de 5.614 km de longitud, es va construir per mantenir els dingos allunyats de les zones de pastura d’ovelles. És més llarga que la Gran Muralla Xinesa. Tot i que no és visible des de l’espai com la Muralla, la Gran Barrera de Corall de la costa est sí que ho és.
  5. El 80% dels animals d’Austràlia no es troben enlloc més del món: el 87% dels mamífers, el 93% dels rèptils, el 94% de les granotes i el 45% dels ocells.
  6. Austràlia compta amb 65 regions vinícoles diferents i produeix més de mil milions de litres de vi cada any, com ara Hunter Valley, Barossa Valley i Clare Valley.
  7. Austràlia té tantes platges que caldrien 27 anys per visitar-les totes si se’n visités una cada dia.
  8. Hi ha aproximadament 50 milions de cangurs a Austràlia, gairebé el doble de la població humana.
  9. Tot i que Austràlia alberga 20 de les 25 serps més mortals del món, la medusa de caixa provoca més morts que les serps, els taurons i els cocodrils junts.
  10. En resum: el port de Sydney és el port natural més gran del món; Austràlia va ser el segon país a concedir el dret de vot a les dones; el vot és obligatori; acull la selva tropical més antiga del món; hi ha més camells a Austràlia que a Egipte; té diverses colònies de pingüins; és l’únic continent sense volcans actius.

10 datos curiosos sobre Australia

  1. Los aborígenes australianos poseen la cultura viva continua más antigua del mundo, con unos 65.000 años de antigüedad.
  2. Aunque Australia tiene aproximadamente el 90% del tamaño de los Estados Unidos continentales, el 90% de su población de 28 millones vive en la costa.
  3. Los Alpes australianos reciben más nieve que los Alpes suizos. Excelente para esquiar en julio y agosto
  4.  La valla del dingo, de 5.614 km de longitud, se construyó para mantener a los dingos alejados de las zonas de pastoreo de ovejas. Es más larga que la Gran Muralla China. Aunque no es visible desde el espacio como la Muralla, la Gran Barrera de Coral de la costa este sí lo es.
  5. El 80% de los animales de Australia no se encuentra en ningún otro lugar del mundo: el 87% de los mamíferos, el 93% de los reptiles, el 94% de las ranas y el 45% de las aves.
  6. Australia cuenta con 65 regiones vinícolas diferentes y produce más de mil millones de litros de vino al año, incluyendo Hunter Valley, Barossa Valley y Clare Valley.
  7. Australia tiene tantas playas que se necesitarían 27 años para visitarlas todas si se visitara una por día.
  8. Hay aproximadamente 50 millones de canguros en Australia, casi el doble de la población humana.
  9. Aunque Australia alberga 20 de las 25 serpientes más mortales del mundo, la medusa de caja causa más muertes que las serpientes, los tiburones y los cocodrilos juntos.
  10. En resumen: el puerto de Sídney es el puerto natural más grande del mundo; Australia fue el segundo país en conceder el voto a las mujeres; el voto es obligatorio; alberga la selva tropical más antigua del mundo; hay más camellos en Australia que en Egipto; tiene varias colonias de pingüinos; es el único continente sin volcanes activos.


FEBRUARY CALENDAR 2026

Each month we will give you a list of special happenings in the UK, USA, and other English-Speaking countries, some serious, others not so much!

1: National Serpent Day

Do you have any snakes at home? If so, today is its special day! Time to celebrate! Historically, religions and cultures have used snakes as symbols of evil, medicine, fertility, and much more. Over 3,500 species of snakes populate the Earth. Fun facts:

  • Only 1/8 of the known species are venomous. 250 species have  venom potent enough to kill an adult human. Strangely, a snake’s head that has been completely cut off can still bite and inject venom for hours afterwards.
  • Some snakes give live birth (30%), whereas the rest lay eggs. Some, but not all, mothers stay with their newborn or eggs to protect them from predators.
  • Snakes eat their prey whole; they cannot chew. Their flexible jaws allow them to swallow large prey. They are strictly carnivorous. That said, some can go for months without eating!
  • Snakes don’t have noses but use their flicking tongue to smell the air around them; without ears, they “hear” by feeling vibrations on their stomachs and jawbones, and they lack eyelids—meaning they sleep with their eyes open. Most snakes are nocturnal.

 

Required attribution text: Photo: Darius BaužysCC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

1: Saint Brigid's Day

It is derived from the pagan festival Imbolc, which celebrated the coming of spring, is celebrated in Ireland on this same date, February 1. Well, sort of. While this is the official date, it has been moved to the first Monday in February—the 2nd this year—unless the 1st falls on a Friday, then it is celebrated on that date. Got that? All this in order to guarantee a three-day-weekend. Probably not really what the Gaelic or Christian originators had in mind! St. Brigid is a bit controversial in Catholic circles: she was removed by Pope Paul VI from the universal Roman Catholic calendar because the church didn’t approve of her early role as a female bishop and because of some of her “miracle abortions.” Fun fact. Brigid is the female patron saint of Ireland and of brewers.

 


Andreas F. Borchert
CC BY-SA 3.0 DE, via Wikimedia Commons

2: Groundhog Day

It is a tradition observed regionally in the United States and Canada on this date every year, though it has been made famous by ceremonies held annually in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. It originates from the Pennsylvania Dutch superstition that if a groundhog (or a bear, though groundhogs tend to be safer to observe) emerges from its den on this day and sees its shadow on the ground and returns into the hole, that means there will be six more weeks of winter. However, if the groundhog does not see its shadow, and stays out of its hole, it means that spring is near and will arrive early.​​​ Unfortunately, studies have found no scientific evidence between a groundhog seeing its shadow and the subsequent arrival time of spring-like weather, but it did make for a pretty funny comedy film, “Groundhog Day,” starring Billy Murray.

 


Anthony Quintano from Mount Laurel, United States
CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

3: National Golden Retriever Day

It is celebrated to honor one of the most cherished dog breeds in the world. Known for their boundless loyalty, friendly demeanor, and affectionate nature, Golden Retrievers have secured a special place in the hearts of families everywhere. Fun Facts:

  • They originated in mid-19th century Scotland as hunting dogs. Incredibly smart, they rank fourth in canine intelligence. (Can you guess the top three? See below.*)
  • They have webbed toes and a water repellant double coat, making them natural swimmers.
  • The breed holds two Guinness World Records: 1) loudest bark at 113.1 decibels; and 2) largest mouth, able to carry six tennis balls in mouth at once.
  • The first ever photo uploaded on Instagram (in 2010) featured a Golden Retriever puppy.
  • Golden Retriever coats vary from dark red gold to a pale cream color. They get darker as they get older. Usually, the color of a puppy’s ears will give a good indication of their adult coloring.

 

* 1) Border Collie; 2) Poodle; 3) German Shepard

 


MichaelMcPhee
CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

5: National F*rt Day

It is celebrated (?) on this day. Who knew? Okay, first let’s get this out of the way: everybody does it. The Pope, politicians, your favorite actress, Kings & Queens, billionaire businessmen, your boyfriend or girlfriend. Everybody! According to research, on average, about 14 times a day. Beans, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, eggs, and dairy products are the usual culprits. The technical term for the gas that builds up is flatus, and when someone passes it out of their body, we say they have flatulence, a mixture of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, and methane. Let’s just leave it there. So, live it up! But please “celebrate” on your own, preferably outdoors.

 


Vox España
, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

6: Waitangi Day

is recognized as New Zealand’s national day. It commemorates the first day of the Treaty of Waitangi which was signed in 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and over 500 Māori chiefs. Unfortunately, since the day it was signed, the treaty has been controversial, as it was written in both English and Māori, the former version emphasizing sovereignty for the Crown, and the latter, a partnership to protect Māori land and authority. Almost immediately, it caused a huge increase in the number of Europeans wanting to buy land and settle in New Zealand, which was then sold to them, often without consulting the Māori landowners. Things rarely went much better for the Māori population after that. Perfidious Albion. Some Facts:

  • Māori people first arrived in New Zealand between1320 and 1350. European whalers, seal hunters, and missionaries about 500 years later.
  • The traditional Māori greeting (hongi) involves two people pressing their foreheads and noses together, representing the sharing of the “breath of life.”
  • Māoris are famous for their tattoos, which reflect their social status and tribal affiliation.
  • The famous haka war dance, adopted by the New Zealand All Blacks rugby team in 1905, is not only a pre-battle ritual but is also performed to welcome guests, acknowledge great achievements, or to pay respects at funerals.
  • The Māori language (Te Reo), one of three official languages in New Zealand, had no written form until the early 19th century, resulting in a rich tradition of storytelling, complex oral stories and songs.

 


Raymonst3
CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

8: National Kite Flying Day!

It is believed that kites came from Shandong, an eastern province of China. By 1295, the explorer Marco Polo had introduced kites to Europe and documented how to fly them. In the sixteenth century, books and literature had publicized kites as children’s toys, which helped them gain popularity. Fun facts:

  • The largest flying kite in the world measured 22 x 55 meters.
  • Kite flying was banned in Japan in 1760 because too many people preferred flying kites to working.
  • The largest number of kites flown on a single line is 11,284.
  • The idiom, “Go fly a kite,” means to go away and stop bothering me. 50 million kites are sold in the US every year. Make your own conclusion.


order_242 from Chile
CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

10: Red Tuesday

It is “celebrated” on the Tuesday before Valentine’s Day. According to research, the Tuesday before Valentine’s Day is the top day to break up with your romantic partner. Why? One researcher stated as we get closer to this day of romance and roses, expectations are greater and people start to question if their relationship is measuring up to what they really want. Others compare their feelings to the grand gestures they see of others on social media and note that they will never feel like that with their current partner. And some others end a relationship to avoid being pressured into false declarations of love. The most popular ways of cutting the bond are by text, by phone, and face-to-face—in that order!

And finally, curiously, those who have a lover on the side spend an average of £90 on a gift for their lover, compared to just £50 on a gift for their partner.

 


David Goehring from San Francisco, CA, USA
CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

12: Darwin Day 

It is observed every year on this date to honor the “Father of Evolution” on his birthday. This day is a global tribute to Charles Darwin and his legacy that led to groundbreaking transformations in the world of science. Likewise, the satirical Darwin Awards are usually presented on this date: honoring those who “improve the gene pool” by eliminating themselves from it through sheer stupidity. Perhaps not surprisingly, 88.7% of award “winners” have been male and, likewise, many seem to be American. Previous “winners” include:

  • Eric Barcia, of Virginia, who fashioned his own bungee cord, measuring and cutting it at the exact same 20 meters of his jump from bridge to earth—forgetting that bungee cords stretch, with predictable results. RIP, Eric.
  • Wayne Roth of Pennsylvania was bitten by his friend’s cobra snake. “I’m a man. I can handle it,” he told his friend before suggesting they go to a bar for a few drinks, where he died about an hour later but not before boasting about his toughness.
  • In 1979, Nitaro Ito, a Japanese politician, was in a close electoral campaign and decided to gain sympathy and make his opponent look bad by pretending he had been attacked by thugs hired by his competitor. To make it look real, he stabbed himself in the leg—unfortunately he hit a main artery and bled to death.
  • An upstate New York state motorcyclist was participating in a protest against wearing helmets when he accidentally flipped over his handlebars and fatally hit his bare head.
  • Garry Hoy was demonstrating to visiting students in his Chicago office that his high-rise windows were made of unbreakable glass by leaning against them. The glass gave way, sending the businessman 24 floors below to his death.

 

Photo: Myrabella / Wikimedia Commons

14: Saint Valentine's Day!

It is celebrated every year on the 14th. For centuries, February was known as the month of love and romance. Today, on this special day, lovers exchange gifts between themselves like roses, chocolates, or even jewelry. But the pagan roots of this romantic holiday date back to ancient Rome, when it was celebrated with animal sacrifice, followed by naked men running through the streets slapping women with the bloody hides of dead goats, which was thought to help with the women’s fertility. The festival was even crazier than that, but we’d better stop here. (You can do your own research.) Saint Valentine was also the patron saint of epilepsy and beekeepers.

 


Glenn Beltz from Goleta, CA, USA
CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

21: International Mother Language Day 

It is observed worldwide on this date, celebrating  the linguistic diversity of cultures worldwide. A person’s mother language is the first language that they learn, and for many, it is the strongest connection that they have to their home, their identity, and their culture. Language encompasses tradition, memory, and unique ways of thinking and expressing oneself as it is present in every component of our lives.

As globalization spreads across the world, some languages are in danger of disappearing. Of the estimated 6000 languages currently spoken in the world, 43% are endangered, many deemed as “useless” and replaced by the ones that are more widely spoken, which means that parents and educators don’t teach them to their children, which means that the languages won’t make it past this generation and will eventually die out. Language Facts:

  • Papua New Guinea has roughly 840 languages! The Rotokas language used on one of its small islands has the world’s smallest alphabet with only 11 letters. The Khmer alphabet of Cambodia has the most letters: 74.
  • The Amazonian Tuyuca language is considered one of the most difficult languages due to its 140 verb endings.
  • English adds an estimated 4000 to 5400 new words to its vocabulary every year.
  • Chinese, Sanskrit, and Tamil are the oldest languages with continuous written records still in use today.
  • On the island of La Gomera, some residents use a whistled language to communicate across deep valleys, reaching more than 3 kilometers distance.
  • There are over 300 languages spoken in the US, yet it does not have an official language.

 


JFDP13
CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

26: Levi Strauss Day

It marks the birthday of Levi Strauss, the founder of Levi Strauss & Co., the first company to make blue jeans. In 1853, in San Francisco, during the California Gold Rush, he started his own clothing business, which he eventually named Levi Strauss & Co. Around 1872, he took out a patent for the denim made trousers with the famous copper rivets around the pocket corners, and this moment is considered the birth of blue jeans. In the 1890s, the original jeans were given the number “501,” and are still known today as Levi’s 501 jeans. In 1936, a red tab was added to the right back pocket of the 501 jeans. It was also in the 1930s that Levi’s made the first jeans for women, which was groundbreaking at the time since women were known for wearing dresses, not pants. Fun Fact: Levi Strauss, a rather formal man, never wore a pair of blue jeans in his entire life!

 


Olgierd Rudak
, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

28: Rare Disease Day

It is observed every year on February 28 or on February 29 in leap years. It brings awareness to rare diseases and the challenges faced by those living with them. With around 7,000 rare diseases identified worldwide, awareness remains limited, and treatment options are often insufficient. (In the US, a rare disease is defined as one that affects fewer than 5 people out of a million.) Unfortunately, this means that there often isn’t any treatment for these diseases, or if it exists it is often expensive and inaccessible for many people around the world. By raising public knowledge and advocating for change, Rare Disease Day organizers strive to create a more inclusive and supportive world for those affected. Some diseases are indeed rare:

  • Fergoli Syndrome: a rare disorder in which a person believes that different people are actually a single person in disguise, frequently changing their appearance.
  • Urbach-Wiethe Disease: a genetic disorder that can cause the calcification of the amygdala, the part of the brain responsible for fear, thus making the individual incapable of feeling fear.
  • Foreign Accent Syndrome: usually after a stroke, tumor, or brain injury, a person begins to speak with a distinct “foreign” accent due to damage in the speech-coordination centers of the brain.
  • Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: migraines distort a person’s perception of body and object sizes, imaging their heads, hands, and feet smaller or larger than they are. Patients can also experience hallucinations and the feeling of time passing by either slowly or quickly.
  • Morgellons Disease: Patients feel something is crawling on, stinging, or biting their skin, and may experience related symptoms like rashes and sores.

 


Marvin 101
CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

29: Bachelor’s Day or Ladies’ Privilege

. Although 2026 is not a Leap Year—the phenomenon that corrects the calendar every four years—it would an acute failure to mention this ancient Irish tradition. Infused with folklore and romance, it turns the tables on the conventional proposal narrative, allowing women to propose to men every four years on February 29th. The roots of this custom are entwined with the legends of Saint Brigid and Saint Patrick, two of Ireland’s most beloved patron saints. This tradition has not only survived through the centuries but has also been celebrated in popular culture, most notably in the 2012 romantic comedy movie “Leap Year.”

 


Ernst Vikne
CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons


LANGUAGE: Irregular Plurals (3)

Irregular Plurals (3)

Irregular nouns that change substantially / Substantius irregulars que canvien de manera substancial / Sustantivos irregulares que cambian de forma considerable


For a variety of historical reasons, some words change in spelling substantially when made plural.

Per diverses raons històriques, algunes paraules canvien considerablement l’ortografia quan passen al plural.

Por diversas razones históricas, algunas palabras cambian notablemente su ortografía al formar el plural.


Singular Plural
mouse mice
louse lice
die dice
ox oxen
child children
person people
penny pence (in British usage)


WHO AM I? (6)

Who am I? (6)

Who am I? Where you are given information or clues about an actor, singer, athlete, politician, or other celebrity, and you guess who they are. Answer at the end. Were you correct?

Qui sóc? On se’t donen informacions o pistes sobre un actor, cantant, atleta, polític o una altra celebritat, i tu has d’endevinar qui és. La resposta és al final. Has encertat?

¿Quién soy? Donde se te da información o pistas sobre un actor, cantante, atleta, político u otra celebridad, y tú debes adivinar quién es. La respuesta está al final. ¿Has acertado?